Transcription
Data Communication and Computer Network
Data Communication and Computer NetworkAbout the TutorialThis tutorial gives very good understanding on Data Communication and ComputerNetworks. After completing this tutorial, you will find yourself at a moderate levelof expertise in knowing DCN, from where you can take yourself to next levels.AudienceThis tutorial is prepared for the beginners to help them understand DataCommunication and Computer Networks.PrerequisitesBefore proceeding with this tutorial, you need a basic understanding of Computer.You should know the basics of input and output devices, primary and secondarymemory, and operating system.Disclaimer & Copyright Copyright 2014 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd.All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of TutorialsPoint (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy,distribute or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in anymanner without written consent of the publisher. We strive to update the contentsof our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, thecontents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. providesno guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness or completeness of our websiteor its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website orin this tutorial, please notify us at contact@tutorialspoint.com.i
Data Communication and Computer NetworkContentsAbout the Tutorial . iAudience . iPrerequisites . iDisclaimer & Copyright . iContents . ii1. OVERVIEW . 1Classification of Computer Networks . 1Geographical Span . 1Inter-Connectivity . 1Administration . 2Network Architecture . 2Network Applications . 22. TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS . 3Personal Area Network . 3Local Area Network. 3Metropolitan Area Network . 4Wide Area Network . 5Internetwork. 63. NETWORK LAN TECHNOLOGIES . 8Ethernet . 8Fast-Ethernet . 8Giga-Ethernet. 8Virtual LAN. 94. COMPUTER NETWORK TOPOLOGIES. 10Point-to-Point . 10Bus Topology . 10ii
Data Communication and Computer NetworkStar Topology . 11Ring Topology . 12Mesh Topology . 13Tree Topology . 14Daisy Chain . 15Hybrid Topology. 155. COMPUTER NETWORK MODEL . 17Layered Tasks. 17OSI Model . 18Internet Model . 196. COMPUTER NETWORK SECURITY . 20Secret Key Encryption . 21Public Key Encryption . 21Message Digest . 217. PHYSICAL LAYER INTRODUCTION . 22Signals. 22Transmission Impairment . 22Transmission Media . 23Channel Capacity . 23Multiplexing. 24Switching . 248. DIGITAL TRANSMISSION . 25Digital-to-Digital Conversion . 25Line Coding . 25Unipolar Encoding . 26Polar Encoding . 26Bipolar Encoding . 28iii
Data Communication and Computer NetworkBlock Coding . 28Analog-to-Digital Conversion . 29Sampling . 29Quantization . 29Encoding . 30Transmission Modes . 309. ANALOG TRANSMISSION. 32Digital-to-Analog Conversion . 32Analog-to-Analog Conversion . 3410. TRANSMISSION MEDIA. 38Magnetic Media . 38Twisted Pair Cable . 38Coaxial Cable . 39Power Lines . 40Fiber Optics . 4011. WIRELESS TRANSMISSION . 42Radio Transmission . 42Microwave Transmission . 43Infrared Transmission . 44Light Transmission . 4412. MULTIPLEXING . 46Frequency Division Multiplexing . 46Time Division Multiplexing . 46Wavelength Division Multiplexing . 47Code Division Multiplexing . 4813. SWITCHING . 49Circuit Switching . 49iv
Data Communication and Computer NetworkMessage Switching. 50Packet Switching . 5114. DATA LINK LAYER INTRODUCTION . 53Functionality of Data-link Layer .
Data Communication and Computer Network 1 A system of interconnected computers and computerized peripherals such as printers is called computer network. This interconnection among computers facilitates information sharing among them. Computers may connect to each other by either wired or wireless media. Classification of Computer Networks
