Evolution Of Wireless Mobile Communication

Transcription

Evolution of Wireless MobileCommunication19901995200520004G (very high speed data)3G 3.9G (high speed data)2G (digital)1G (analog)95BIS-95AAMPS(America)Voice, 153kEVDVCDMA2000Voice, 3.2M/1.8M56kVoice, 14.4kEVDOIS-54voiceData only, 2.4M/150kVoice, 14.4kEVDORevAEVDORevBUMB3.2M/1.8M14.7M/5.4M 200MData, 56kTACS, NMT(Europe)GSMvoiceGPRSVoice, 14.4kCT-2WCDMAHSDPAVoice, 384k14.4M/5Mvoicepagernumber한국에서의 서비스 (2007년 기준)HSPA LTE4G 200MEDGETD-SCDMA(China)384kVoice, 384kWiMAXwave 1WiMAXwave 220M/5M40M/10M100M 1G

1G and 2G cellular Systems Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS)– Developed by Bell Labs in the 1970s and first usedcommercially in the United States in 1983. It operates in the800 MHz band (1G) by AT&T– Full duplex (FDX) operation : simultaneous two-waycommunication two 30 kHz channels (forward & reverse)– Analog frequency modulation (FM) used exclusively– Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) one channel per pair of users

2G cellular Systems 2G Overview– The European Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), isintroduced in 1992– The North American Digital AMPS (D-AMPS), is introduced in 1994 IS-54: FDMA/TDMA access mode IS-95: CDMA access mode– The First CDMA commercial service was started in Korea in 1996– The Japanese Digital Cellular (JDC) system, is introduced in 1992, PDC(Personal Digital Cellular)– The North American Personal Communication System operating at1900 MHz (PCS 1900)

GSM Overview Global System for Mobile (GSM) Communication–––GSM is a second generation cellular standard developed to cater to voice services anddata delivery using digital modulationDigital Communication technologyGSM networks operate in a number of different frequency ranges Most 2G GSM networks :900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands. Some countries in the Americas: 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands Most 3G GSM networks in Europe operate in the 2100 MHz frequency band. History––––Developed by Group Spéciale Mobile (founded 1982) which was an initiative of CEPT(Conference of European Post and Telecommunication)Developed to replace the incompatible analog systemPresently the responsibility of GSM standardization resides with special mobile groupunder ETSI(European telecommunication Standards Institute)Full set of specifications phase-I became available in 1990 . Under ETSI, GSM is named as“ Global System for Mobile communication “

GSM System (cont’d) Advantages– Worldwide used with over millions of subscribers.– International roaming– Robust to channel noise compared to FDMA– GSM's maturity means engineers cut their teeth on thetechnology, creating an unconscious preference.– The availability of Subscriber Identity Modules, which aresmart cards that provide secure data encryption give GSMadvantages. Disadvantages– Low Data rate– Strict synchronization and guard time needed– Still susceptible to jamming, and other-cell interference

CDMA System History–––In 1993, TIA recognized CDMA as an IS-95 StandardKorea government promote to commercialize the technology in two parts ETRI and Qualcomm took charge of switch design, prototype development and basetransmit station Handset manufactures developed new mobile handsets and switching systemCore chip for CDMA communication was successfully developed by Qualcomm Power control was a key issue A complex high tech chip of the times Keypoint– “multiple access” : a large number of users share a common pool of radiochannel bandwidth and any user can gain access to any channel– Idea derived from military & developed by Qualcomm, USA around late1980’s– Use Spreading Sequence for spreading gain– One common frequency band for all users– Separation between users can be done by user-specific code

CDMA vs. GSMNoteCDMA(Code Division Multiple Access)GSM(Global System for MobileCom.)Adoptedyear19961989Users rate( 05)20%70%RegionAmerica, South-Korea, MongolEurope, South America,Most country3GCDMA-2000W-CDMA

Development from 2G to 3GJapan1st GenTACS2nd GenPDC3rd GenAMPSNMT/TACS/OtherGSMW-CDMA/EDGEConverged TDMA/GSMfamily of technologieswill have dominant marketshare ( 80 percent).AmericasEurope(EDGE in Europe and Asiaoutside Japan)TDMACDMAEDGEcdma2000Global strategybased on W-CDMA and EDGE networks,common IP based network, and dual modeW-CDMA/EDGE phones.W-CDMA and cdma2000will be optional modes inone spec. Basic phoneswill be one or the other.Global phones will haveboth.

IMT-2000 International Mobile Telecommunication (IMT)-2000– Better known as 3G or 3rd Generation, is a family of standardsfor mobile telecommunications defined by the InternationalTelecommunication Union– Which includes GSM EDGE, UMTS, and CDMA2000 as well asDECT and WiMAX– Compared to 2G and 2.5G services, 3G allows simultaneoususe of speech and data services and higher data rates (up to14.0 Mbit/s on the downlink and 5.8 Mbit/s on the uplink withHSPA )– Thus, 3G networks enable network operators to offer users awider range of more advanced services while achievinggreater network capacity through improved spectral efficiency

2G vs. 3G2G3G(IMT-2000)ServiceLow-speed Data service(Voice)High-quality Data service(Multi-media)UserCustomer CustomerCustomer - Customer, IP - CustomerTraffic trendLand to MobileMobile to LandMobilitydomestic, limited global roamingGlobal roamingMobileFrequencybandPCS824 849MHz869 894MHz1750 1780MHz1840 1870MHz1885 2025MHz2110 2200MHzStandardCDMA, TDMAW-CDMA, CDMA2000Minimumbandwidth1.25MHz, 30KHz5MHz

3G Technologies Two key Technologies : All based on CDMA technology Synchronous Vs. Asynchronous– Synchronous (3GPP2) Synchronous method that obtain standard time using GPS Each Base Station uses the same PN code Base Station classification PN code with time epochdifference CDMA2000 1X, EV-DO, EV-DV– Asynchronous (3GPP) Asynchronous method with different PN code for eachBase Station W-CDMA, HSPA, HSPA

3G TechnologiesW-CDMACDMA2000Leading areaEurope, JapanNorth AmericaStandard organization3GPP3GPP2Sync. Between BSAsynchronous method withdifferent PN code for each basestationSynchronous method that obtainstandard time using GPSInitial time Sync.Relatively longRelatively short(Same PN code)Cell PlanningRelatively easy(Asynchronous BS does notconsider neighbor BS and cellradius)Relatively difficult( Synchronous BS considers timeoffset of neighbor BS’s PN code)System developerEricsson, Nokia, NTT DoCoMoQualcomm, Lucent, MotorolaCore NetworkGSM-MAPANSI-41Base technologyGSMIS-95Chip rate3.84Mcps3.6864Mcps

CDMA2000 (3GPP2)

4G Wireless -3GPP LTE 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution)– the last step toward the 4th generation (4G) of radio technologiesdesigned to increase the capacity and speed of mobile telephonenetworks– Considered as 3.5G system– Uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access(OFDMA) on thedownlink– Downlink peak rates of at least 100 Mbps, an uplink of at least 50Mbit/s– RAN round-trip times of less than 10 ms– Supports scalable carrier bandwidths, from 20 MHz down to 1.4 MHz– Supports both FDD and TDD– Adopted all-IP signaling and networking(A significant departure from 3G W-CDMA, which adopts circuitswitching)

3GPP LTE HighKeyDataTargetsRates at High SpeedReduced Cost/GByteReduced LatencyBit rates: 50(UL), 100Mbps(DL)Speed: Walking to bullet-trainHigher system capacityLower cost/GByteQuick response timeOptimized for packet-switchingBetter support for VoIP & dataCost Efficient Roll-outReuse 3G/2G spectrumBandwidth flexibilityMinimum Frequency planning

3GPP LTE3G and Enhanced 3G4G Radio Access and Network aspect (Target)Mid-termevolutionR99/R4SpectrumRadio aspectRadioAccessMin. TTI(Latency)3G spectrum (2GHz band the additional band(s))HSDPA, EDCHetcWCDMADirect-SequenceCDMA10msecNW aspectNew spectrumUltimateenhancementNew spectrumUltimateenhancementNew radioInterface2msCarrierBandwidthData rateNew mobileaccess3G LTE5MHz384k-2Mbps14Mbps 0.5ms5-20MHzFit in 5MHz100MHz30-100Mbps100Mbps-1GbpsCS and PSPS onlyGTP(tunneling)[IP routing in CN]IP routingIn CN and RAN

Overview of Mobile Communication2G3GVoice SMSVoice Data WirelessInternetVoice DataW-CDMA/HSDPA(384kbps 2Mbps/14.4Mbps)cdma2000(153.6kbps)DMB/Digital Camera/MP3 PhonecdmaOne(9.6 13kbps)GSM(13kbps)Technology-orientedSystem4G(2011 )WiBro(30/ 50Mbps)cdma2000 rA,B/HSUPA(3 70Mbps/5.8Mbps)Game/Video PhoneUser-oriented SystemUbiquitous Convergence nce)High-speed Wireless Internet(Broadband)IMT-AdvancedMobility600Mbps 이상3GPP D Video/Rich Multimedia PhoneService-oriented System(Voice Quality/Roaming)Voice Data WirelessInternet SensingHSDPA: High-Speed Downlink PacketAccess5GBeyondIMT-AdvancedWiBroEvolution3GPP LTE100Mbps200MbpsEV/DO-rA,BHSDPA/HSUPA3.1 14.4Mbps/5.8Mbpscdma2000/W-CDMA3GcdmaOne/GSM9.6 13kbps2.4GHzWLAN802.11b/g11 54MbpsOFDM: Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplexing30 50Mbps36Mbps2GNoLA: New Nomadic/Local AreaWireless AccessVHT(NoLA)수 GbpsWiMAXWLAN802.11n270MbpsMultiGiga BitsMIMO: Multiple Input Multiple Output60GHz/3 6GbpsIEEE 802.15c / ECMA3GPP LTE : 3GPP Long Term EvolutionSDR: Software Defined RadioGSM : Global System for , Zigbee54MbpsWPAN: Wireless Personal Area NetworkNeMA: New Mobile AccessWiBro/Mobile WiMAX153.6Kbps/2MbpsHSUPA: High-Speed Uplink PacketAccessECMA: European ComputerData RatesManufacturers Association

Harmonization of IMT-2000MobileWiMaxIMT-20003GDECTIEEE802 IS136

Capabilities of IMTSystems beyond IMT-2000will encompass thecapabilities of previoussystemsMobilityRecommendation ITU-R M.1645”IMT-ADVANCED”New capabilities ofsystems beyondHighIMT-2000EnhancedIMT-2000New MobileAccessEnhancementEnhancementNew Nomadic / LocalArea Wireless AccessLow1Interconnection10100Peak useful data rate (Mbit/s)Nomadic / Local Area Access SystemsDashed lineindicates thatthe exact dataratesassociatedwith systemsbeyond IMT2000 are notyetdetermined1000Digital Broadcast Systems

Schedule‘07‘08‘09WRC HIMT.EVAL‘11IMT.RADIOEvaluation & Revision ofProposalIMT.RSPECConsensus Building & Revision ofProposalRequirementsEvaluation MethodologyIEEE802.16mSystem DescriptionDocument (SDD)BaselineLTE-AdvancedW/S3GPPLTE-AdvancedWG LetterBallotStudy Item for IMT-AdvancedSponsorBallotWork Item for IMT-Advanced

PDC GSM TDMA CDMA Global strategy based on W -CDMA and EDGE networks, common IP based network, and dual mode W-CDMA/EDGE phones. Converged TDMAGSM amyli of echnologies w lhavli e domnanti market share ( 80 percent). 3rd Gen (EDGE in Europe and Asia W-CDMA/EDGE outside Japan) EDGE cdma2000 W-CDMA and cdma2000 will be optional modes in one spec. Basic